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There are many desires but few things” – the logical conditions and development points of Xunzi’s political philosophy
Author: Dong Fangshuo
Source: “Social Science” Issue 12, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 25th 70th lunar month Dingsi
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As a standardized subject, the thinking of political philosophy always has its own logical conditions and development points, and uses this condition and development points to explain why the order of trees is set, who is set, and what order is set, etc. The logical conditions and origin of Xunzi’s political philosophy lies in his reflection on the inherent contradiction between the incompetence of humanity and the infinity and scarcity of the object to be seen, and thus force the conclusion that only when the sages “competition” and the past quarrels can stop the conflict, human beings can prevent “disputes” or even “disasters and perish”. Xunzi’s arguments were harmonious and meticulous, rational and rational, and had a special position and meaning in the pre-Qin and even later Confucianism.
Keywords: Xunzi; political philosophy; many desires but few things; conflicts in the struggle;
In the pre-Qin Confucianism, Xunzi’s political philosophy theory was the most systematic and characteristic. He expressed a high degree of perceptual self-consciousness and logical characteristics in his thoughts on the serious questions such as why the tree should be established, who should be established, and which order to establish the tree. This article explores the logical conditions and development points of Xunzi’s political philosophy. In terms of thinking, it describes the humanitarian theory that Chen Xunzi’s “loving profit and desire to gain”, revealing the origin of “there are too many desires but few things” that leads to “there are too many desires but not many things” and then explains Xunzi’s “contact and struggle”.
1. “Enjoy profit but want to gain”
As we all know, in Eastern Thoughts, Hobbes traced the starting point of political philosophy research to “natural state”, that is, a state without the constraints of state, laws, and other social constraints. Students have long pointed out that Xunzi and Hobbes’s thoughts are comparable, and Xunzi has a similar “natural state” to Hobbes. Why does political philosophy research go back to “natural state”? One reason or perhaps it can be that this trace can provide us with states, regulations, and other socially strong regulations from one side in order: assuming that such a kind exists In this situation, without a country, without laws and any other administrative governance, it seems that everything is allowed. What will happen to our career? Through the description of this situation, we can then obtain a need for the existence of the relevant country and agency.
So, in a “natural state” without a country or a government, what will people’s life be like? Xunzi once wrote in a hypothetical language: “Now, when I try to go to the king, there is no tribute, to the rule of law, and to the prohibition of punishment and punishment, and to rely on the approachable and approachable aspects of the whole country. If so, then the husband is strong Those who harm the weak and punish them, and those who are invincible and punish them, and the whole country is in conflict and perish and each other, and it is not waiting for them to be affected.” (“Nature Abuse”) “Try to try” according to the king’s first words, “Try to try”; “Mutual” means to keep each other in harmony; monarchs, tributes, law and punishments generally refer to the basic requirements of political society such as law and state that can bring social order. In other words, assuming that these basic requirements of political society are not in the “natural state”, then the career status of the people will be “the strong will harm the weak and punish them, the poor will be punished, and the whole country will be in conflict and perish, and they will die without waiting for it.”
This is a preserved picture that is listened to by the natural necessity of humanity.
The problem is that why did Xunzi think that under the “natural state”, human life will be in a situation where people’s lives will be in a state of incompetence and destruction? Obviously, the master of Xunzi’s political philosophy is that he clearly realized that without the rules and regulations of law and the useful constraints of the state’s administration, human nature will inevitably lead us into the dramatic struggle and conflict. In the articles such as “Nature Abnormal”, “Rich Country”, “King System”, and “Travels”, Xunzi clearly described a preservation picture for us from the side of differences. Xunzi said: “If people are born with desires, but if they are not able to obtain them, they cannot be able to seek without seeking. If they seek without dividing boundaries, they cannot be able to fight; if they are in conflict, they cannot be able to fight.” (Travels) According to Xunzi, there are desires in life. To satisfy their desires, they must have seeks, but in Baobao.comWithout a political country and legal regulations, people can’t compete with their own behaviors, and finally make people’s life fall into chaos and dilemma. David B.Wong pointed out that “many people have noticed (in this paragraph of Xunzi) that the description of the source of the blessing was earlier than the description of why Hobbes wanted to escape the ‘natural state’.”2. In the logical relationship of Xunzi’s “desire-seeking-fighting” , the reason why “desire” in “desire” is incomparable not only contains the insatiable characteristics of “desire”. At the same time, Song Wei returned to her hometown after being cut, and his relative immediately introduced her to an infinity that also contains the object of what people want, and “desire” says exactly Human nature, so Xunzi said:
The nature of the ancients was born with favorable benefits, so they were born with conflict and destruction; they were born with illness and evil, so they were born with loyalty and trustworthiness; they were born with strong desires, and they were liked to be liked and despised, so they were born with lust and despised, so they were born with lewd and despised. However, from the nature of a human being and the feelings of a harmonious person must be out of conflict, in accordance with the violation of the argument, and in the light of violence. (“Sexual Evil”)
“Enjoy profit”, “evil”, “elastic desire” and so on are the natures that exist in life. Without any strong constraints, the selfless natural necessity of humanity will strongly enable people to use their natural talents, pursue the “rooting law”, and form the “dominant” and respect for the light 3, and from Xun<a In the statement that "the whole country is in conflict and perishes, and it is not difficult for us to see that the power and development of human behavior are originally to satisfy the individual's desire to continue their natural life, but under natural conditions, the results of conflict and conflict not only make individual's desire unable to achieve true satisfaction, but will eventually lead to the destruction of human desire and the destruction of their own life.
Next, in the logic, we have to ask: Since humanity is the origin of the formation of chaos, what kind of regulations and observations does Xunzi have on the connotation and characteristics of humanity? As scholars have pointed out, Xunzi has no humanity. href=”https://taiwanlog.com/sugardaddy/”>官网Formal regulations and content regulations. The former is like “the reason why life is born is the nature of the mind” (“Justice Name”), “All nature is the result of heaven. If it is not learned, it will not accomplish things… If it is not learned, it will not accomplish things but is in human nature” (“Nature evil”). According to Xunzi, nature is human life, so it becomes such a basis, emphasizing the natural quality of human beings and innate. This quality is expressed in terms of content regulations as various emotional or sensory talents. Xunzi said: “Nature is the result of heaven; emotion is the quality of nature; desire is the response of emotion.” (“Just Name”) means that “nature” is natural, “emotion” is the essence or actual content of nature, and “desire” is the reaction of emotion to external things; “desire” is born with “good”, like lustful eyes and good taste, so “good” is the expression of emotion, as it is said, “those who like profit and desire to gain are the nature of persons” (“Nature evil”). “Good” and “emotion” can be regarded as the same thing, while “emotion” and “desire” can also be regarded as the same. Therefo
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